The reason for the title

Imagined drawings of poets were designed based on descriptions of their visages in references. 

Name

Title

North

Unaizatan

Mushalan

Al-Daylam 

Tayma

Aban

Al-Rijam

Al-Sahw

Hawmanat Al-Darraj

Al-Shamat

Thu'ailibat

Fayd

  Al-Qanan

Kutaifah

Al-Quffain

Fardah

Jurthum

Thu Arat

Al-Jiwa'

Dharij

Ghimar

Al-Rass

Al-Uthaib

Al-Aqiq - Al-Qaseem

Al-Mujaimer

Khazaz

Rakis

Al-Raqmatan 

Jubbah

Al-Mithnab

Hail

Al-Thalabut

Northwest

Tihama

'Alij

Tabuk

Dharghad

Al-Hijr (Hegra)

Shawt

Haql

Eastern 

  Al-Hazn

Safwaa

  Al-Qateef

Ain Al-Jawhariyah

Al-Uyun

Thaj

Al-Khatt

Thu Tuluh 

Bahrain 

Al-Khalsa

Al-Samman

Al-Nibaj

Barqa Nata'

Jow Na'it

Huzwa

دَارِيْن

Southern

Beeshah

Tabalah

Wihaf Al-Qahr

Tilkham

Dahees

Al-Hamat 

Al-'Asda

Su'a'id

'Asawsar

Qahr

Najran

Central

Tudhih

Heet

Dharama

Darat Juljul

Al-Duhrudhan

Al-Hubalah

Amayah

Al-Raka

Thiqan

Al-Miqrah

Tubad

Butran

Al-Dakhul

Batn Al-Khal

Al-Quttabiyyat

Yathbul

Rawdhat Du'mi

Al-Jalhatan

Al-Badi

Al-Tanadhub

Al-Rijal

Al-Safh 

Yamamah

Burqat Thahmad 

Thahlan

Hawmal

Siqt Al-Liwa

Ma'sal

Milha

Numar

Riyadh Al-Qata

Al-Saqib

Baqa'a

Okkash

Ushaiqer

Al-Aflaj

Al-Kharj

Saqr

Ha'ir

Rumah

Lughat

Malham

Manfuha

Western

Al-Ghumair

Yanbu'

وَجّ

Sala'

Kura' Al-Ghameem

Badr

Ti'ar Mountain

Kada

Safinah

Al-Hajun

Al-Jamarat

Al-Batʼha

Sanam

Athakher

Wajra

Al-Jarad

Al-Sifah

Hadhb Al-Qaleeb

Al-Ghail

Al-Baqi'

Ardah

Al-Akhshaban

Al-Hateem

Al-Khaif

Al-Sa'ad

Al-Aqiq

Madinah (Yathrib)

Khayber

That Firqain

Hira

Quba

Zamzam

Makkah

Yalamlam

Al-Shu'batan 

Al-Muhassab

Thabeer

'Ar'ar

Usfan

Ukadh

Arafat

Pre-Islamic

Early Islamic

Umayyad

Abbasid

It is a traditional village in Mahd Al-Thahab Governorate, Madinah Province. It is approximately 225 km to the southeast of Madinah and about 50 km from Mahd Al-Thahab. It was known to the pilgrims coming from Iraq and the Gulf, who used to pass by since it was a station on the historical Darb Zubaidah Route. In ancient times, it was described as a place densely covered with palm trees. Today, it consists of a wall and traditional mud buildings roofed with tree trunks. It encompasses some traditional landmarks, such as Safinah Palace, Al-Alam Mountain, and Qazazah Well. Safinah has been around since the pre-Islamic era. The site is also known as Al-Khansa Village in reference to the poetess Tamadur bint Amr (Al-Khansa).
The village was mentioned by Al-Khansa in a poem about her brother Sakhr. In this poem, she bemoaned Sakhr's death and referred to some of his feats, generosity, courage, and chivalry after news of his death reached Safinah Village at night. Due to the great loss, the news of his death spread among Al-Khansa's fellow tribesmen, Bani Amr.

It is a heritage village in Mahd Al-Thahab Governorate, south of Madinah. It was densely covered with palm trees in ancient times. Today, it consists of a wall and traditional buildings. It is also called Al-Khansa's Village. It was mentioned in an elegy by Al-Khansa. 

It is a mountain located to the north of Al-Shu'ba Valley, to the north of Obla Mountain, and to the south of Al Hinakiyah Governorate, Madinah Province. It is a mountain range extending from the northwest to the southeast. In ancient times, it was described as a separate plateau devoid of mountains or water. Today, it is called 'Ar Mountain.

Al-Khansa, Tamadur bint Amr, mentioned Ti'ar and Yathbul mountains together in one of her elegies on the death of her brother, Sakhr. She portrayed them as an example of steadfastness and endurance. She said that her brother's generosity is an authentic and unchanging trait, which is as lasting as Ti'ar and Yathbul. 

It is a mountain in the south of Al Hinakiyah Governorate, Madinah Province. In ancient times, it was described as a separate plateau devoid of mountains or water. Today, it is called 'Ar Mountain. It was mentioned in one of Al-Khansa's elegies.  

It is a small village and a heritage site in Al-Ula Governorate Madinah Province, in the northwest of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. It was the home of Thamud, who were the first people to carve out houses in rocks and mountains. It was also one of the most important Nabatean settlements. Its antiquities and ancient inscriptions testify to its ancient history. It is called Al-Hijr because it is a low, flat area surrounded by mountains. A person who enters it finds himself in the midst of a series of interconnected and separated mountains and rocky depressions. 
Hadba ibn al-Khashram's camels rushed up fast between al-Yahameem and Al-Hijr. Meanwhile, he imagined a woman whom he referred to but did not name.

It is a small village and a heritage site in Al-Ula Governorate. In ancient times, it was one of the towns of Thamud and an important Nabatean settlement. It was mentioned by Hadba ibn al-Khashram in a one-line verse. 

It is a high mountain in Madinah Province, approximately 12 km to the northeast of Al-Rabatha. It overlooks Al-Fareesh from the southwest. The Madinah-Makkah Road passes between them. The mountain is surrounded by arroyos on the four sides. Many villages and famous landmarks have been scattered around the mountain since antiquity. It is a high twin peak, and hence, some refer to it as Sanamain.  

Hadba ibn al-Khashram asked his two companions to turn their camels towards Laila's lodging, explaining that the place they were in separated them from Laila's lodging. He identified his current location as beside Sanam Mountain, and a sand mound called Al-Baqqar before Sanam Mountain.

It is a high mountain in Madinah Province, to the northeast of Al-Rabatha, it is surrounded by arroyos. It is a twin peak, and hence, some refer to it as Sanamain. It was mentioned in Hadba ibn al-Khashram's poetry.        

It is a reddish-black mountain located to the southwest of Al-Quway’iyah city and to the west of Al-Rayn Governorate. It is 1356m above sea level and is the fifth-highest peak in Upper Najd. It is a protruding mountain that can be seen from a distance and contains a perennial watering spring called Butran. There are also other water springs around it. In ancient times, it was described as a mountain in the quarter of Amir bin Sa'sa'h. It still bears its ancient name today. 

Qais bin Al-Mulawwah climbed Butran Mountain and gazed at the surrounding areas through the horizon, hoping that he would see Laila and that she would see him. But he did not gain any good out of his climbing to the top of the mountain and inspecting the surrounding areas, except sorrow and tears running down his cheeks, which were like the tears that ran down the cheeks of his beloved, Laila.

It is a reddish-black mountain located in Al-Quway’iyah Governorate. It is 1,356m above sea level. There is a water spring in the mountain, and it bears the same name. The mountain is still known by its old name. It was mentioned by Qais bin Al-Mulawwah. 

It is a hill in Al-Ghail, to the northwest of Al-Aflaj Governorate. It is approximately 100m above the ground and is easy to climb due to its gentle gradating slope. In the middle of the hill, there is a small cave known as the Qais and Laila Cave, with an area of about 3 square meters. Tubad is considered a traditional emblem in Al-Aflaj. The area where this hill is located is famous for its farms and palm tree orchards.  

Qais bin Al-Mulawwah, aka Majnun Laila, used to visit Tubad Hill after parting with his cousin, Laila Al-Amiriya. There, he used to remember those old days when he was still young, tending ship with Laila at the foot of the hill. Then, he would drift aimlessly until he would reach a distant land. To go back to Tubad, he used to follow the stars on his journeys. Thus, he would be guided by one star after another and move from one place to another across the desert until he would finally reach this hill. When he would see it, he would break into tears after a long and tiresome physical journey and an equally tiresome journey of loss. With his rich imagination, Qais made Tubad Hill speak and endowed it with passion.    

It is a hill in Al-Ghail, to the northwest of Al-Aflaj Governorate. It is approximately 100m above the ground. In the middle of the hill, there is a small cave. The hill is mentioned by Qais bin Al-Mulawwah.    

These are two big mountains. They are located to the west of Hasat Qahtan, which in turn is located to the southwest of Al-Quway’iyah Governorate. They extend from north to south and are separated by a sand pass. The northern one is called Thiqan Al-Atshan because of the lack of water in it. It is approximately 18 km long. The southern one is called Thiqan Al-Rayyan because it contains a seasonal watering spring. It is approximately 20 km long. Today, they are called Ithqan Al-Atshan and Ithqan Al-Rowyan. They are referred to both in the singular and plural. They are famous mountains in Upper Najd. 

Laila Al-Akhyaliyya, a poetess, composed an elegy on the death of Tawbah bin Al-Humayyer, in which she mentioned these two mountains. She stood in a place where she could partially see these mountains. A vast barren desert, called Howdha, with very hard stones, separated her from the mountains. She was waiting for news as she stood in that place, in the hope that she would hear some news of the battle in which Tawbah took part, till she received news of his death in battle.  

Thiqan or Thiqanan are two big mountains separated by a sand pass. They are located to the west of Hasat Qahtan, which in turn is located to the southwest of Al-Quway’iyah Governorate. They are famous mountains in Upper Najd, and were mentioned by Laila Al-Akhyaliyya in one of her elegies.   

It is a valley to the south of Hasat Qahtan, in the southwest of Al-Quway’iyah Governorate. It extends for approximately 280 km and is fed with many tributaries. It starts at Al-Dakhoul Plateau Range and Thiqan Al-Atshan Mountain and enters Bark Valley. It is fed by many valleys and streams that come from distant places. Some villages are scattered along its banks. Haloxylon and other shrubs grow plentifully in this valley, making it a good pasture for cattle. It is also called Al-Raka Valley. 

Laila Al-Akhyaliyya was in Al-Raka Valley, and in the distance, she saw the top parts of two mountains called Amayah. She looked around waiting for news of Tawbah ibn Al-Humayyer and news of the battle in which he took part. She looked dismayingly! She had just received news of Tawbah's death. She bemoaned his death in an elegy, comparing his lasting feats to the lasting existence of the Amayah mountains.   

It is a valley to the south of Hasat Qahtan, in the southwest of Al-Quway’iyah Governorate. It extends for approximately 280 km and is fed with many tributaries. Haloxylon and other shrubs grow in this valley. It was mentioned in a poem by Layla Al-Akhyaliyya. 

They are two large adjacent mountains in southern Najd, in the west of Al-Aflaj Governorate. In ancient times, they were called Amayah or Amayatain, but these names fell into disuse. Today, they are known as Al-Hasatain: the northern mountain is Hasat Al Huwail, and the southern one is Hasat Al Ilayyan. The mountains have become known by the tribes of Qahtan that live in the adjacent areas of each of them. They are also known as Hissi Qahtan and Al-Hissi. Their ancient name, 'Amayah,' referred to the fact that it was difficult for anyone entering them to find their passes and ways.    

Laila Al-Akhyaliyya stopped in Al-Raka Valley, and in the distance, she saw the top parts of two mountains called Amayah. She looked around, waiting for news of Tawbah bin Al-Humayyer and news of the battle in which he took part. Finally, she received news of Tawbah's death. She bemoaned his death in an elegy, comparing his lasting feats to the lasting existence of the Amayah mountains.     

Amayah or Amayatan are two large adjacent mountains in southern Najd, in the west of Al-Aflaj Governorate. Today, they are known as Al-Hasatain: Hasat Al Huwail and Hasat Al Ilayyan. They were mentioned by Layla Al-Akhyaliya in her elegy on the death of Tawbah bin Al-Humayyer.    

It is a perennial water spring located to the west of a red plateau known as the Subaihah Plateau, which, in turn, is located to the east of Hadhb Al-Dawaser. Ancient references to the spring identified its location in the quarters of Bani Uqail. It was also referred to as Hubalah.

Laila Al-Akhyaliyya accurately described the scene of coming to the water spring for watering in a single-line verse. She said that the basins were usually full of water as people began to arrive at the place with their camels to supply themselves with water. Then, water gradually got less and less as more and more people arrived. Camels that arrived late waited for the basins to refill with water and then rushed to drink from them until all camels were watered.     

It is a perennial water spring located to the west of the Subaihah Plateau, which, in turn, is located to the east of Hadhb Al-Dawaser. It was mentioned by Laila Al-Akhyaliyya in a one-line poem.     

It is a city in the north of Al-Ahsa Governorate. It is so called because of the plenty of water springs in it. It is an ancient town where human settlements are estimated to have begun between approximately 3500-4500 years ago. In the ancient past, it was surrounded by a deep trench. Over the last decades, the scope of urban development in Al-Uyun has doubled several times, so it has become the third largest city in Al-Ahsa in terms of area and population density. Today, the city is home to a number of historical sites, including Al-Ghareeb Mosque and Al-Qunaitirah Bridge. One of the important heights in the city is Al-Thulaim Mountain. The city still bears its ancient name. 

Ali bin al-Mugrab Al Uyuni remembered the places where he had lived and been, wishing he could return to those places to see them again and stay overnight. He wondered, "If only I knew whether those days I spent with my dear ones would ever come back and whether I would see my camels rushing up to Al-Uyun dunes and high mountains!"

It is a city in the north of Al-Ahsa Governorate. It is so called because of the plenty of water springs in it. In the ancient past, it was surrounded by a deep trench. Today, it is the third largest city in Al-Ahsa. Ali bin al-Mugrab Al Uyuni referred to it in one of his poems.  

This spring is located in Al-Ahsa Governorate, near Al-Battaliah, about seven km northeast of Al-Hofuf. It is an ancient spring that flows profusely with fresh water, which is cold in the summer. Farmers use it to water their palm trees and gardens.
     
Ali bin al-Mugrab Al Uyuni urged his people to defend their land in a few verses in which he stated that drinking the remnants of water from a small ditch is better than drinking the fresh, profusely flowing water of Ain Al-Jawhariyah if that entails repulsing enemy attacks and defending one's land.  

It is a water spring in Al-Ahsa Governorate, near Al-Battaliah. It flows profusely with fresh water, which is cold in the summer. It was mentioned in a poem by Ali bin al-Mugrab Al Uyuni.     

It is a town in the Eastern Province, north of Dammam, and is the administrative center of Al-Qateef Governorate in Saudi Arabia. It was described in the past as a big good town where palm trees grow plentifully. It was also known as Al-Khatt and encompasses many historical monuments. Today, it is famous for its numerous palm tree orchards. 

In one of his poems, Ali bin al-Mugrab Al Uyuni extolled Prince Mohammed bin Ahmed bin Abi Al-Hasan, one of the princes of the Uyuniyyah State (469-636AH). He mentioned many of his deeds and feats. He told the reader: ask the giant high-mounted horses, lances, and Yemeni swords about him, and they would tell you about his deeds in the war and how he repulsed the invading army that came from Al-Qateef. 

It is a town in the Eastern Province and is the administrative center of Al-Qateef Governorate. It was also known as Al-Khatt and encompasses many historical monuments. It is famous for its palm tree orchards. It was mentioned by Ali bin al-Mugrab Al Uyuni in one of his poems.

It is a town in the Eastern Province, north of Al-Qateef. It is an ancient town where people have lived for many centuries. In the past, it was a walled village and consisted of 250 houses. Today, it encompasses many residential quarters and is called Safwa. Safwa was mentioned in a poem by Ali bin al-Mugrab Al Uyuni, in which he celebrated the feats of Prince Mohammed bin Ahmed bin Abi Al-Hasan, one of the princes of the Uyuniyyah State (469-636AH). He described his brave resistance that stopped the Al-Qateef army that advanced on Safwa in the morning, where it camped and rested reassured until the prince came to repulse the army.

It is a town in the Eastern Province, north of Al-Qateef. In the past, it was a walled village. Today, it encompasses many residential quarters and is called Safwa. It was mentioned by Ali bin al-Mugrab Al Uyuni in one of his poems.

It is a village in the Eastern Province, west of Al-Jubail and northwest of the city of Al-Dhahran. It encompasses a historic site that holds the ruins of an entire town. In the middle of the village, there are historic hills. The village is enclosed within an outer fence. Outside the fence, there are ruins of many old buildings which still bear its ancient name. A group of monuments were found within and outside the fence of Thaj, which still bears its ancient name. Notably, some verses refer to it as Tha'j. 

In a long poem, Ali bin al-Mugrab Al Uyuni boasted of his ancestors and contemporary fellow tribesmen. He referred to some of their feats and virtues. One of those named in the poem was Al-Fadh bin Abdullah bin Ali, a prince of the Uyuniyyah State (469-636AH). He said that this prince had ruled over the territories extending from Thaj to Qatar and was a sovereign protector of the Desert of the Kharijah in Oman and the entire area between this desert and Bahrain, protecting its lands, pastures, and waters and guarding them against the invading or migrating Bedouins, except those entering those territories as merchants.   

It is a village in the Eastern Province, west of Al-Jubail. It encompasses a historic site of the ruins of an ancient town. There are also fence-preserved historic sites in the village, which still bear its ancient name. It was mentioned by Ali bin al-Mugrab Al Uyuni in a long poem.

It is a large valley and is considered one of the largest valleys in the Arabian Peninsula, next only to Al-Rummah Valley. It is about 450 km long. The city of Beeshah in the southwest of Aseer Province was built on its banks. It is an old city on the ancient way of Yemeni pilgrims and is known for its fertile land, numerous villages and farms, rich produce, and diverse flora, such as palm trees and vines. Beeshah Valley is a long valley on the banks of which many Arab tribes, including Labeed’s tribe of Bani Amer— had settled. 
  
Beeshah was mentioned by Labeed bin Rabie’a in his muallaqa. He described the caravan of camels in which his beloved, Al-Nawar, moved. The camels were urged to move faster until they crossed the mirage through which they glistened like stones and tamarix trees of Beeshah Valley in their great numbers and huge size.  

It is a large and long valley. The city of Beeshah in the southwest of Aseer Province is built on its banks. Known for its fertile land and numerous gardens, it is about 255 km to the north of Abha. It was mentioned by Labeed bin Rabie'a in his muallaqa.

It is a fertile valley with a high water level, which is considered the main tributary of Beeshah Valley in Aseer. It rises at Bilqarn mountains and pours into Beeshah Valley near Al-Subaihi village, 12 km north of the city of Beeshah. Dense flora grows on its banks. It constitutes the link between the Al-Sarah mountains and the Beeshah plains. There are many historic sites that still stand today on the banks of this valley.

It was mentioned by Labeed bin Rabie'a in his muallaqa. He boasted of his generosity. His neighbors and guests were courteously treated and enjoyed his luxurious hospitality. They were hosted in the lower part of Tabalah Valley in spring when there was much fruit and produce.   

It is a fertile valley with a high water level and is one of the main tributaries of Beeshah Valley in Aseer. It was mentioned by Labeed bin Rabie'a in his muallaqa.

It is a large plain area to the northeast of Al-Taif City. It constitutes a southern extension of Rukbah Plain, between Al-Shatt to the west and Hadhn to the east, and between Rukbah to the north and Al-Badahah to the south. The Riyadh-Taif Highway separates it from Rukbah, while the byroad forking from the Riyadh-Taif Highway and leading to Hadhn separates it from Al-Badahah. Some of the valleys flowing down from the mountains to the south of Al-Taif city, including Layyah and Sadirah valleys, pour into it. The place still bears its ancient name. 

In his apologetic poem addressed to Al-Nu'man bin Al-Munthir, Al-Nabighah Al-Dhubyani extolled Al-Nu'mans' generosity and lavish gifts, describing him as a generous person who gave away hundreds of camels loaded with lavish provisions. He also compared women to the gazelles of Al-Jard and that they live in luxury. When other people were exposed to the heat of the sun, they enjoyed the shades in the cozy and cool draped tents.

It is a large plain area to the northeast of Al-Taif City. Valleys flowing down from the mountains to the south of Al-Taif city pour into it. It was mentioned by Al-Nabighah Al-Dhubyani in his apology to Al-Nu'man bin Al-Munthir.   

It is a population center established on an ancient water spring in Al-Qaseem Province. Today, it is called Mudarraj, and it is located north of Buraidah, on the western edge of a mountain of the same name. It separates Al-Asyah and Al-Butain.  

Hawmanat Al-Darraj was mentioned by Zuhair bin Abi Sulma in his muallaqa. He described his beloved, Um ‘Awfa, who might refer to an indefinite woman and hence is a symbol of women in general. Because of the long time that had passed since he last saw Um ‘Awfa, whose dwelling changed over time, he did not know her place for sure. So, his uncertainty was reflected in his dubious questioning of whether the silent traces and remnants of ashes and other things in Hawmanat Al-Darraj and around Al-Mutathallam Mountain were traces of Um ‘Awfa. 

It is a population center in Al-Qaseem Province, to the north of the city of Buraidah. Today, it is called Mudarraj. In the past, it was a water spring near which people resided. It was mentioned by Zuhair bin Abi Sulma in the opening line of his muallaqa.    

poetsOfTheEra

Pre-Islamic

Early Islamic

Umayyad

Abbasid